Definition and Examples of Linguistic Ecology

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Ecology Semantic biology is the investigation of dialects corresponding to each other and to different social components. Likewise known asâ language nature or ecolinguistics. This part of semantics was spearheaded by Professor Einar Haugen in his book The Ecology of Language (Stanford University Press, 1972). Haugen characterized language nature as the investigation of collaborations between some random language and its condition. Models and Observations The term language nature, similar to language family, is an illustration gotten from the investigation of living creatures. The view that one can contemplate dialects as one examinations the interrelationship of life forms with and inside their surroundings surmises various auxiliary analogies and suspicions, most prominently that dialects can be viewed as substances, that they can be situated in reality and that the nature of dialects is at any rate to some extent not the same as that of their speakers. . . .The natural similitude in my view is activity arranged. It moves the consideration from etymologists being players of scholarly language games to turning out to be shop stewards for semantic assorted variety, and to tending to good, monetary and other non-phonetic issues.(Peter Mã ¼hlhusler, Linguistic Ecology: Language Change and Linguistic Imperialism in the Pacific Region. Routledge, 1996)Language isn't an article that can be considered in disconnection, and correspondence d oesn't just happen by methods for successions of sounds. . . . Language . . . is a social practice inside public activity, one practice among others, indivisible from its condition. . . .The fundamental thought is hence that the practices which establish dialects, from one viewpoint, and their condition, on the other, structure an ecolinguistic framework, in which dialects increase, interbreed, fluctuate, impact each other commonly, contend or merge. This framework is in interrelation with the earth. At each second language is dependent upon outer boosts to which it adjusts. Guideline, which I will characterize as the response to an outer upgrade by an inner change which will in general kill its belongings, is along these lines a reaction to nature. This reaction is most importantly the insignificant expansion of individual reactions variations that, after some time, lead to the choice of specific structures, certain attributes. At the end of the day, there is a specific activity of the earth on the advancement of language . . ..(Louis Jean Calvet, Towards an Ecology of World Languages, deciphered by Andrew Brown. Nation Press, 2006) The natural similarity might be the most appropriate etymological environment is presently a perceived field of study, not only a metaphor. What lingos are to dialects, subspecies are to species. Cutting tools and trespassers threat them aimlessly. . . .What the endurance of undermined dialects implies, maybe, is the perseverance of handfuls, hundreds, a huge number of inconspicuously various thoughts of truth. With our amazing forces of innovation, its simple for us in the West to accept we have all the appropriate responses. Maybe we doto the inquiries, we have inquired. Be that as it may, imagine a scenario in which a few inquiries evade our ability to pose. Consider the possibility that specific thoughts can't be completely verbalized in our words. There are astonishing things about Aboriginal dialects, Michael Christie disclosed to me when I visited his office at Northern Territory University in Darwin. Their ideas of time and organization, for instance. They go directly against our philosophy of straight time-past, present, and future. I figure theyd totally change Western way of thinking, if just we find out about them.(Mark Abley, Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages. Houghton Mifflin, 2003) Likewise observe: CodificationLanguage ChangeLanguage DeathLanguage PlanningLanguage StandardizationLinguistic AnthropologyLinguistic ImperialismLinguistic TypologySociolinguistics

Healthy Lifestyle Among Teenagers Essay

* Definition of Healthy Lifestyle (2011): sound way of life will make you fit, vivacious, and diminished hazard for infection. * The best approach to remain sound and long agreeable life are by doing a great deal of activity, eat well food and get enough rest Body The best approach to remain sound and long agreeable life is do a ton of activity. 1. Have a moderate and standard exercise * Healthy Lifestyle (2011) recorded that 30 minutes every day of moderate high-impact exercise can consume calories and construct your heart and lungs suggests by the American Heart Association. * Smith (2011) expressed that the American College of Sports Medicine prescribes to performing enough cardio work out: 30 minutes per day, five days per week, or an overwhelming cardio meeting for 20 minutes day by day. 2. Exercise can evade perilous malady. * Herndon (2011) and Lakshmy (2011) recorded that the danger of built up certain infection can be diminish by doing standard exercise and advance by and large wellbeing. * Health Benefit of Exercise (2012) demonstrates that activity will improve your circulatory strain and cholesterol level and diminishing the odds of enduring interminable malady, for example, diabetes, coronary illness and a few malignancies. Other than that, we can remain sound and has long agreeable life by eating well food. 1. Eat as indicated by the food pyramid. * The Importance of Nutrition (2009) expressed that our body needs the correct parity of starches, fats, and protein to remain sound. * Definition of Healthy Lifestyle (2011) demonstrates that we have to eat e fluctuated diet to get many basic types of proteins, nutrients, sugars, minerals, and fats. 2. Breaking point your size of dinner to stay away from overweight * Lakshmy (2011) recognized to forestall weight gains, we need a fair eating regimen that is low in fat and sugar that gives all of you the necessary supplements without abundance calories admission. * Pearson (2011) expressed that we need to pick item with low fat, fat free dairy item or simply substitute with soy milk. In other hand, we need to get enough rest to remain sound. 1. Holding back on rest increment hunger * Health Benefit of Sleep (2010) show the specialists of University of Chicago uncovered that rest misfortune potentially will lessen the capacity of the body to direct hormones that control hunger. * Smith (2011) expressed that lack of sleep triggers arrival of undesirable hormones. 2. Make cerebrum rest when dozing. * Definition of Healthy Lifestyle (2011) unmistakable that when you are snoozing, the every day digestion sustains the decrease and revival of cell tissue, and the body’s self fix occur. * Specified that memory union and craving guideline additionally happen during rest. End It is imperative to deal with your wellbeing by doing the perfect measure of activity, eating the correct food and get enough rest and rest. High school is seen by numerous individuals as a period of bliss and an opportunity to investigate the world overwhelmingly. Regardless of the entirety of the energy to appreciate the time and encountering experience, it is imperative to have a solid way of life. As indicated by the meaning of Healthy Lifestyle (2011), sound way of life will make you fit, vigorous, and diminished hazard for sickness. Living solid way of life is absolutely difficult. Carrying on with a more beneficial life can not just broaden your life, it can likewise improve the quality. Feeling truly better and having power over your own life can extraordinarily build your emotional well-being too. Despite the fact that there are a few parts of physical and psychological wellness that are past an individual’s control, there are numerous basic ways that individuals can do to improve their solid way of life. The best approach to remain solid and long agreeable life are by doing a ton of activity, eat well food and get enough rest. One of the straightforward approaches to remain sound and long agreeable life is do ordinary exercise. By having moderate and standard exercise, we can maintain a strategic distance from random risky ailments. Smith (2011) expressed that the American College of Sports Medicine prescribes to performing enough cardio turn out to be such 30 minutes every day, five days per week, or an incredible cardio meeting for 20 minutes day by day. As indicated by Healthy Lifestyle (2011), the American Heart Association suggests that 30 minutes every day of moderate oxygen consuming activity can consume calories and manufacture your heart and lungs. A couple of kinds of activities that similarly to high-impact which consume fat calories rapidly and improve and keep up heart and lung wellness are moving, running, and swimming. Herndon and Lakshmy (2011) additionally demonstrate that the danger of built up certain malady can be decrease by doing ordinary exercise and advance generally wellbeing. An examination by Health Benefit of Exercise (2012) takes note of that activity will improve your circulatory strain and cholesterol level and diminishing the odds of enduring interminable illness, for example, diabetes, coronary illness and a few diseases. Other than that, we can remain sound and has long agreeable life by eating well food. To know on those nourishments we eat are solid or not, we ought not avoiding our dinner. There are many individuals skirt their morning meal however it serves to invigorates how you feel for the remainder of the day and furthermore and may hinder your digestion. Next, the food pyramid is there for an explanation as we ought to eat understanding to their component and theirs significance. The Importance of Nutrition (2009) expressed that our body needs the correct parity of starc hes, fats, and protein to remain solid. Solid Lifestyle (2011) demonstrates that we have to eat e differed diet to get many basic types of proteins, nutrients, starches, minerals, and fats. Eat more organic products, vegetables sugar and protein and take less fat. At that point, maintain a strategic distance from undesirable feast to stay away from overweight. Lakshmy (2011) recognized to forestall loads gains, we need a decent eating routine that is low in fat and sugar that gives all of you the necessary supplements without overabundance calories consumption. Pearson (2011) additionally expressed that we need to pick item with low fat, fat free dairy item or simply substitute with soy milk. For desert as occasion, on the off chance that you simply must have the desserts eliminated the segment size, substitute with low-fat or without fat merchandise, or pick natural product. Drink 8 glasses of water a day, stay away from singed nourishments, and simply don't eat 2 hours before bed. Besides, there is another part of sound living that ought to be considered alongside its advantages, get enough rest to remain solid. Rest is presumably the most significant piece of remaining solid. Without rest, your body can't experience urgent fixing forms that assist you with working while you are wakeful. Individuals tend to not realize that holding back on rest increment hunger. Medical advantage of Sleep (2010) demonstrate the analysts of University of Chicago of Medical Center uncovered that rest misfortune perhaps will diminish the capacity of the body to manage hormones that control hunger. Other than that, lack of sleep triggers arrival of undesirable hormones, for example, cortisol, which changes glucose digestion bringing about fat stockpiling. To advance ordinary glucose digestion and breaking point weight increase, resting in any event eight hours a night are be need. Not just that, rest can assist the cerebrum with having its opportunity to rest. Solid Lifestyle (2011) uncovered that when you are snoozing, the day by day digestion propagates the decrease and revival of cell tissue, and the body’s self fix happen. Having great resting propensities brings about decreasing our degrees of worry, for example, a great night’s rest can bring down circulatory strain. Rest will in general assistance to determine that memory union and hunger guidelines happen during rest as well. Truly wonderful thing about this rest isn’t it? What's more, it’s something the greater part of us underestimate. Taking everything into account, â€Å"prevention is the best cure†. This implies the least demanding approach to get sound is to abstain from becoming ill in any case. While this isn't generally conceivable, there are numerous approaches to forestall conceivable future medical issues and sicknesses. Sound life can be delivered through the blend of numerous ways, including standard exercise, eating well food and get enough rest. Dealing with our body and feeling pride in our achievements can improve both our physical and emotional wellness. There are numerous things we can do to improve our personal satisfaction and the greater part of them are most effortless advances. Regardless of how little you start, you can roll out an improvement and an improvement in your life.

Writing the Perfect Topic For Research Essay

Writing the Perfect Topic For Research EssayAfter the first couple of research papers that you do, your editors will tell you that they want to see more of your work and that's where the topics for research essay come in. With a topic for research essay, you're free to write about anything that interests you. These are topics that have been tried, tested and verified as valuable sources of information.The hardest part of research is sorting through the tough research questions that just aren't worth answering. It can be a slow and frustrating process if you don't know where to start. But with topics for research essay, all that suffering can be wiped away, because there are already several ideas in place that will satisfy these problems.You'll be surprised at how many different topics for research essay have already been invented. This comes from the fact that people don't just ask each other questions in the course of doing research. They do it in writing, but at the same time they might also use the Internet to ask questions or make comments. What a lot of people don't realize is that the Internet has an abundance of such information on just about any subject.When you use the Internet, it gives you the opportunity to gather these ideas from a variety of sources. As you gain experience and get more creative, you'll find that you can develop a bigger number of topics for research essay than you might have even realized. Most of the time, people who have written dozens of essays on a single topic do so because of the breadth of the topics available to them on the Internet.If you have a basic list of ten topics, you'll probably want to stick with that group. But if you're writing an essay on another subject, you can always expand that group to something bigger. You can always add new topics to your list as you get better at the craft of writing.You should also ask yourself this question before you begin to write your research essay: Will these topics be interesti ng enough to compel your readers to read the entire article? Before you submit your assignment, you should first write out a rough draft of your paper. In your rough draft, write down a brief description of the topics for research essay that you've decided to incorporate into your essay. It doesn't have to be long, just quick.Then, go back and look at your article's title to see if it is still capturing a lot of attention. If it is, then you've already done your part in shaping your topic for research essay. You may also want to consider using a title that is relevant to the subject of your paper.If you're not quite ready for a topic for a research essay yet, make sure that you know the proper vocabulary and terms to use when writing about these topics. Most of the time, your topic for research essay will revolve around something you already know very well. As long as you follow these basic guidelines, you can be confident that your essay will be fine-tuned before it is ever even se nt out for review.

English 99 - Morality And Professional Responsibility

Aiesha Anchan Jonas Hour 3 English 99 - Morality and Professional Responsibility â€Å"English 99 † - an essay by Frank Gannon, illustrates the experiences of teaching a college class on introductory writing. Gannon, the english professor, displays the characteristics of an amoral man: lacking moral sensibility (distinguishing what is right and wrong) which may cause consequences to himself or others. With a person like Gannon, one cannot expect much from his teaching methods. Gannon represents an adult whose amorality created the lack of professional responsibility and dependability for his students, resulting in him being an ineffective mentor. Frankly speaking, there is a very limited correlation between intelligence and morality. But there is very intimate relationship between education and teacher morality. Even with Gannon’s field experience and deep knowledge on the foundations of writing, his moral code is very limited. As an educated individual, Gannon possessed the knowledge of the college’s true intentions of English 99 â€Å"The truth of the matter was that English 99 was there so that the college could get some money from these kids before they flunked out or quit† (Page 45). Gannon, knowing of the college’s scheme for extracting money from students, had the ability to inform them, saving precious time and money, but chose not to. Logically he wouldn’t because â€Å"‘Hey, I just work here’† (Page 45). What was he gaining from this? Nothing, thus there would be no purpose,Show MoreRelatedRight of Lawyers to Strike in India: Ex Captain Harish Uppal V. Union of India3867 Words   |  16 Pagesrepresentative of an institution, or as a worker who needs a means of putting forward grievances. Lawyers, as paid service providers, are bound to have their own set of grievances which might not necessarily always conform to the ideals of judicial morality. A workers’ strike is generally called by the concerned trade union for putting forward their concerns; however in the context of the case, it is seen that the Bar Council of India– which is the representative body of lawyers - itself does not considerRead MoreEthical Issues in Counselling4637 Words   |  19 Pagesselected references. Provide evidence of your thinking about the issues chosen. Introduction Professional counsellors are increasingly mindful not to step on the mines of unethical practices. Sometimes, we might be too cautious to have overlooked issues that are neither unethical, nor avoidable, or even beneficial, in terms of the interests of our clients and our own professional satisfactions. Ethics are more than codes and taboos. While counsellors should protect themselves from unnecessaryRead MoreEthical Issues in Counselling4624 Words   |  19 Pagescarefully selected references. Provide evidence of your thinking about the issues chosen. Introduction Professional counsellors are increasingly mindful not to step on the mines of unethical practices. Sometimes, we might be too cautious to have overlooked issues that are neither unethical, nor avoidable, or even beneficial, in terms of the interests of our clients and our own professional satisfactions. Ethics are more than codes and taboos. While counsellors should protect themselves from unnecessaryRead MoreThe Portrait of Medieval Social Classes as Presented in the General Prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Canterbury Tales4628 Words   |  19 Pageshow the tales came to be told, and it introduces the tellers. There are about thirty pilgrims travelling to Canterbury to pray to the holy blissful martyr- St. Thomas of Becket. These characters can be considered the portrait of the whole Middle English society. All the pilgrims can be divided into particular hierarchic structure of classes. The simplest division of society was into three estates: those who fight, those who pray, and those who labour, typified by the Knight, the Parson and the PlowmanRead MoreIssues in Auditing and Professional Practice5740 Words   |  23 PagesIssues In Auditing and Professional Practice ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS The questions in this assignment are extracted from the text book for this paper; Reference: Johnson, R. (ed), Readings in Auditing Volume 2, John Wiley Sons Australia, 2007. Answer the following 4 questions: Question 1: (Chapter 10 â€Å"Australian Wheat Board†, p135 Question 4) Discuss the lessons to be learnt from the AWB scandal. Question 2: (Chapter 12 â€Å"Fraud prevention and detection- further guidance†, p158 Question 3) Read MoreEffect of Globalisation on Management Accounting6683 Words   |  27 Pagesthat management accountants must develop and sustain a culture of innovation (ICAA 1998:21). †¢ Globalisation implies that qualifications will become portable and internationally recognised. This aspect creates both opportunities and threats, as professionals have to compete in their country of origin against international competitors. The competition may be able to provide management accounting services at a much lower cost as business opportunities in underdeveloped countries such as Hungary, RussiaRead MoreThe Importance Of Nonverbal Communication6466 Words   |  26 Pagesreligion that is scarcely practiced in the Japanese society today but still holds a great influence on the culture is Confucianism. Some of the teachings of Confucianism that still have a great importance on Japanese culture are humility, loyalty, morality, and showing respect based off on ones individual or political status. In addition, Confucianism prompted the establishment of moral ideas for the present day Japanese society. Before Confucianism spread to Japan, the ancient Japanese people hadRead Mor eWritten Sources13656 Words   |  55 Pagesancient Indian history are complicated, especially in the case of the written sources, so they need to be examined carefully. In the scope of my study, I will focus on two groups which are as follows: the analyzing and criticizing of these sources by professional historians and students of history. My method is to inform, explain, and summarize written sources and survey one typical example of early Indian history. I hope to help readers partly understand more about the method of analyzing and criticizingRead MoreWritten Sources13665 Words   |  55 Pagesancient Indian history are complicated, especially in the case of the written sources, so they need to be examined carefully. In the scope of my study, I will focus on two groups which are as follows: the analyzing and criticizing of these sources by professional historians and students of history. My method is to inform, explain, and summarize written sources and survey one typical exa mple of early Indian history. I hope to help readers partly understand more about the method of analyzing and criticizingRead MoreHamiltonian vs Jeffersonian Democracies5550 Words   |  23 Pagesinto serving on British warships, and the British navy seized hundreds of American merchant ships. To prevent war with Great Britain, Hamilton encouraged Washington to send Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay to London to sign a treaty with the English. Jay left for England in 1794 with instructions from Hamilton that outlined American goals for the diplomatic talks. In his instructions, Hamilton insisted that British impressments of Americans cease, that all British forts be removed from American

The Impact of Soil Erosion and Land Degradation in Ethiopia

Introduction African soils are extremely poor by nature, they consist of low organic matter as well as all major nutrients. Sub-Saharan Africa does not produce enough food to support their countries even in years of good harvest. Land degradation is exhibited as deforestation, decreasing biodiversity resources, soil moisture stress as well as soil erosion. The following report will be assessing the socio-economic as well as the environmental impacts of soil erosion and land degradation impacts in the Ethopian Highlands of Tigray. The severe land degradation is a result of the soil erosion as well as the nutrient depletion. Throughout the past years soil and water conservation techniques have been comprehensively introduced. The prolonged use of these resources was not as anticipated. The poor performance of agriculture in many low income countries is due to the deterioration of the natural resource base. The major problem which limiting the development of the agricultural sector is the land degradation which is caused by soil erosion as well as nutrient depletion. This is an enormously serious problem especially in the tropical steep lands where rain fed agriculture comprises the major livelihoods of the people. A number of these countries have numerous soil and water conservation programs which have tried to mitigate the land degradation problem but have done so unsuccessfully. In Ethiopia agriculture comprises the biggest share of the national economy; it contributesShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. 1.1 Background. The Sustainable Use Of Natural1373 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship with world food security and healthy environment. These days the water and land ecosystems are being degraded at an alarming rate (Hannam, 2003 cited in Teketel, 2009). Natural resources, agriculture and human activities are interrelated in developing countries. The human population uses these natural resources for their livelihoods. Some of the resources include forests for fuel wood and construction material, soil and water for agricultural activities, and minerals for different purposes. NaturalRead MoreThe Effects Of Low Food Production On Africa925 Words   |  4 Pagesis the world’s second-largest and second-most-populous continent, covering 20.4 percent of Earth’s total land area (Fima. L, 2009), with rich natural resources and lots of mighty rivers. In this essay, three main factors causing low food production in Eastern Africa will be analysed and discussed. Firstly, rapid growth of population in Africa is responsible for degradation and soil erosion, decline of the land’s ability to recovery, and retain productivity. The unpredictable droughts or floodsRead MoreMalawi Essays1495 Words   |  6 Pagestable below shows the relationship between low levels of development and large rural areas. Country GNI/Capita (Wealth) Urban Rural UK 22,220 89% 11% USA 31,910 77% 22% Ethiopia 620 16% 84% Rwanda 880 6% 94% This table confirms that there is a strong correlation between low levels of development and large percentage of rural areas; it shows that countries with largeRead MoreSoil Erosion6971 Words   |  28 PagesWhat is soil erosion? Soil erosion is a natural process, occurring over geological time, and indeed it is a process that is essential for soil formation in the first place. With respect to soil degradation, most concerns about erosion are related to accelerated erosion, where the natural rate has been significantly increased mostly by human activity. Soil erosion by water is a widespread problem throughout Europe. Soil is naturally removed by the action of water or wind: such backgroundRead MoreEthiopia s Economic And Agricultural State2336 Words   |  10 Pages Despite its strong foundational beginnings, Ethiopia is experiencing a profusion of issues today in regards to nutritional accessibility due to climate change, substandard farming techniques, and below-average maintenance of food security. Ethiopia’s economic and agricultural state can be traced accurately back to the second century. Ethiopia’s emergence as an empire would take place under the Aksumites during the 5th century. Historically, Ethiopia was ranked among the most powerful countries inRead MoreThe Nile River-Egypt1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe ancient Egyptians lived along the Nile River and it provided them with abundant water, food (fish) and the opportunity to develop agriculture along it’s banks. The Nile River was also used for transportation and trade with other regions because land travel was more difficult than floating on the river. The Ancient Egyptians were at the mercy of the seasonal flooding and droughts but learned to work within the natural system of the River and weather cycles (Carnegie Museum of Natural History).Read MoreA Brief Note On Deforestation And Charcoal Production3021 Words   |  13 Pages(SomaliaReport:). The paper illustrates impacts not only as a deforestation problem but also its linkage as a socio-economic, and health issues affecting the economic development initiatives in communities. The paper is divided into three major parts; the first part concentrates on the general background on deforestation and charcoal production as an environmental problem in Somalia and its effects on women and their health. The second part elaborates the impact of deforestation in Somalia and woodfuelRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Deforestation in Tropical Rainforests2516 Words   |  11 Pagesthrough evapotranspiration. (WRM, 15). Rainforests also stabilize soils and hold back erosion through their intricate and elaborate root systems. These root systems also store much of the annual rainfall, which is slowly released over the year to recharge ground waters and keep streams and rivers flowing during the dry season. Rainforests are well adapted to surviving on nutrient-poor soils, which enable them to develop ecosystems that are highly productive and sustainableRead MoreHow Does Charcoal Consumption Affect The Growth Of The Rural Poor, Unless Action?2876 Words   |  12 Pagescoral reefs. The paper illustrates impacts not only as a deforestation problem but also its linkage as a socio-economic, and health issues affecting the economic development initiatives in communities. The paper is divided into three major parts; the first part concentrates on the general background on deforestation and charcoal production as an environmental problem in Somalia and its effects on women and their health. The second part elaborates the impact of deforestation in Somalia and woodfuelRead MorePlant Xenophobia Or Real Conservation Concern?3590 Words   |  15 Pagesspecies are a cause of great concern in many countries of the world due to their impact on the environment, the economy and on human health. The movement of these plants across borders have been facilitated by global trade and travel. Invasive alien species are non-native plants that are introduced in new areas causing drastic changes to the natural habitats, thus threatening the indigenous plant species and impact local b iodiversity. Although the term invasive is difficult to define, plants that

The Novel Southland By Frank Sakai And Curtis Martin

The novel Southland is a murder unknown story taking place in Los Angeles between the 40 s, and 90 s at a period when racism and discrimination were at the all time high. Revoyr’s features various historical references were taking place in Los Angeles’s past related to racial issues and uses some character interactions to drive these points home. Frank Sakai and Curtis Martin are two main characters whose life is prompted by the racism in the Los Angeles neighborhoods. Stylistically, Revoyr’s deliberate prose permits readers an uncomfortable gratitude of the slow marks racism burns on the appearance of a community. Both the Japanese and African-American characters in book Southland wear the marks of prejudice, from removal to internment camps to LA rebellion racial profiling (Revoyr, 2003, pg. 68). Her prejudiced white cop character Nick Lawson does not brave out and speak his hate in a quick, convenient slur; rather, she permits his expressions and sensitively disposition to shape through small, hostile gestures. When eventually he fires off his descriptions, revealing to abandoned witnesses his real feelings, the sickening permits any reader may harbor is well earned (Ranford, 1994, pg. 67). Racism is not certainly the quick match and moment when their neighborhoods erupt into a form of riot in Southland; for Revoyr’s, it appears gradually, on a slowly accumulating bed of fuel. In 1970, approximately 50,000 Hispanics were living in Los Angeles neighborhoods, signifying

Someone Like You by Adele free essay sample

Someone Like You Adele â€Å"Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead† Adele is one pop artist who sings about love. Yes many artists these days sing about that, but Adele can reach her listeners like no other. What Adele sings about what so many teens go through. Someone Like You is about heartbreak. So many teens go through this, and so many artists sing about it. The way Adele sings about it talks about finding someone else and moving on, and all though it hurts her to see her ex with someone else she decides to not take revenge, to not be upset. She realizes that being mad, and upset for the rest of her life won’t help her and that going out and changing her life for the better without him is what she needs. And even though she will miss him, and wants him to be with her, she doesn’t give up on her life and love. We will write a custom essay sample on Someone Like You by Adele or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I admire Adele for her strength and what she gives to her fans through her music. She is an amazing artist in many ways. I feel Someone Like You is a song to tell teens about what you need to do if you go through a heartbreak even if it hurts you like nothing else you have ever been through. Adele wants you to know that you have to stay strong and to not let one bump in the road make you give up on life. As long as you believe in your heart you can live life to it’s fullest. I feel this is one of the best songs of 2011. Adele has made a true masterpiece with this song. I hope she continues making music like Someone Like You.

Continuous writing Essay Example

Continuous writing Paper The weather has been hot lately as summer was coming by. Sunny days with gentle wind at the beaches welcomed every people near Madonna beach to stop by. My family and I also grabbed this chance to go for a family outing. We went to Madonna beach by car. We went there in the morning excitedly until we forgot to take our breakfast. When we arrived, I saw the beach was full of people doing variety of activities. Some of them were swimming under the sun, cannoning, boat riding and some of the people were taking selfless. My mother enjoyed herself by looking at the lovely scenery of the beach. While me and my mother were taking our things out of the car, my younger sisters ran as fast as lighting to the beach and started to build their own sandcastle as their first activity there. I took out my DSL camera and started to take some pictures with my mother to keep it as a precious memory of our family. As we were tickled pink enjoying our own activity, suddenly the black sky overcast with heavy rain clouds. The trees along the beach dance frantically in the wind. The rain started like cats and dogs. We packed our things quickly and jumped into the car as a big storm might happen anytime. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuous writing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Continuous writing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Continuous writing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We took a look at the sea waves and it was surprising that it became wild in a blink of an eye. There was a bad traffic Jammed on our way back home. The street was crowded with cars, vans, busses and even motorcycle waiting to pick up the children after school. They parked haphazardly along the street make It difficult for people to cross the street. Other vehicles were speeding along even there was speed limit sign. Suddenly, I saw a young boy who was running quickly without looking to the left or to the right to cross the street. The vehicles honked mercilessly on the street. Unfortunately, a tricycle hit the unlucky young boy. The boy was flung up In the air for a moment before his books scattering everywhere on the street. The accident happened In Just a blink of an eye. The motorcyclist speed up and run away before the people nearby could stop him. My father started to have a conversation with my mother after she woke up and told her what had happened Just now. While both of them were talking, I saw a woman with a brown backpack rushed to the boy and she had to fight her way through the crowd. l am a doctor! Make a room! as the crowds of people limit her movement. I could saw through my cars window that she took out a stethoscope from her backpack. I was worried about the boy so much because he Is such a young boy to experience all of these things. At that moment, I heard the siren wall of the ambulance. I was never felt so relieved In all my life. The doctor with the backpack had a talk with the paramedic before they pushed the boy Into the ambulance. As the crowd started to continue their normal actively, I saw blood splattered everywhere on the scene when my father passed by. There was a man who picked the boys book which scattered everywhere on the road to help the raffia moving. It was my first experienced an accident In front of my eyes. It gave me a shocked and I could not close my eyes at night when I was thinking If the boy would survived after the accident. The accident taught me that anything unexpected could happened anytime and everywhere without defined age or gender. So, we must take every step to say safe whenever or wherever we are. Continuous writing By catastrophic boat riding and some of the people were taking selfless. My mother enjoyed herself by parked haphazardly along the street make it difficult for people to cross the street. Motorcycle hit the unlucky young boy. The boy was flung up in the air for a moment before his books scattering everywhere on the street. The accident happened in Just stethoscope from her backpack. I was worried about the boy so much because he is wail of the ambulance. I was never felt so relieved in all my life. The doctor with the backpack had a talk with the paramedic before they pushed the boy into the ambulance. As the crowd started to continue their normal activities, I saw blood traffic moving. It was my first experienced an accident in front of my eyes. It gave me a shocked and I could not close my eyes at night when I was thinking if the boy would

Capital Punishment Essays (1806 words) - Penology, Prison, Death Row

Capital Punishment Essays (1806 words) - Penology, Prison, Death Row Capital Punishment Crime and Punishment From the beginning of time, crime has been evident in human existence, and from the first crime there has always been a punishment. And it came to pass, when they were in a field, that Cain rose up against his brother, Able, and slew him (Genesis 4:8). This for many people was seen as the first crime. This crime did not go unpunished. Cain was then ostracized from his colony and sent to wonder as a vagabond and a fugitive for his crime (Genesis 4:14). He was also branded with the mark of a murderer. Therefore, the presence of crime in human life is inevitable. Defined in Websters Dictionary, crime is, an act of violation against society and its laws. Punishment is the consequence of the crime. Crimes like fraud, burglary, assault, etc., are usually punished by prison terms. Murder, manslaughter, and homicide maybe punished by prison terms or death. Ways to be executed Electrocution-the three legged oak chair was constructed in 1923 by inmates and is still used today. (ironic isnt it?) The electrocution cycle is two minutes or shorter in duration. Voltage and amperage levels peak on three occasions. Maximum current is 2000 volts and 14 amps. The executioner is an anonymous, private citizen who is paid $150 per execution. The position of executioner was advertised in several Florida newspapers in 1978. Lethal Injection-execution by lethal injection involves the continuous intravenous injection of a lethal quantity of a short-acting barbiturate in combination with a chemical paralytic agent. A number of doctors have pointed out that drugs may not work effectively on diabetics or former drug users, whose veins may be hard to reach. In some cases minor surgery may be required to cut in to a deeper vein, according to medical testimony. More states use this form of execution than all US states. Gas Chamber-prisoner is restrained in a hermetically sealed steel chamber below which is a pan. Upon a signal, the executioner opens a valve, flowing hydrochloric acid into the pan. On a second signal, about 8 ounces of potassium cyanide crystals or tablets are dropped mechanically into the acid, producing hydrocyanic gas, which destroys the ability of blood hemoglobin to perform. Unconsciousness occurs within a few seconds if the prisoner takes a deep breath, and longer if he or she holds their breath. After pronouncement of death, the chamber is evacuated through carbon and neutralizing filters. Gas-masked crews decontaminate the body with a bleach solution and outgassed prior to release. An unwary undertaker could be killed if this is not done. States using this method: Arizona, California, Maryland, Mississippi and North Carolina. Hanging-prisoner is weighing prior to execution. The drop is based on the prisoner's weight, to deliver 1260 foot-pounds of force to the neck. Essentially, the prisoner's weight in pounds is divided into 1260 to arrive at a drop in feet. This is to assure almost instant death, a minimum of bruising, and neither strangulation nor beheading. Properly done, death is by dislocation of the third or fourth cervical vertebrae. The familiar noose coil is placed behind the prisoners left ear, so as to snap the neck upon dropping. States using this method: Delaware, Montana and Washington. Firing Squad-there is reportedly no protocol for the procedure which according to information involves a five man team, one of who will use a blank bullet so that none of them knows who was the real executioner. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty two prisoners have been executed by this method. Gary Gilmore in 1977 and John Taylor in 1996. There are only two states who use this method. They include Utah and Idaho. Whos in Federal Prison? statistics found in 1991 5% of prisoners were women 65% of prisoners belonged to racial or ethnic minorities 68% of prisoners were under age 35 96% of prison inmates were US citizens 59% of prison inmates has high school diplomas or its equivalent less than half of the inmates were sentenced for a violent crime (assault, murder, rape), a fourth were sentenced for a property crime (burglary, vandalism), about a fifth were sentenced for a drug crime (self explanatory) Whos in State Prison? statistics found in 1996 10% of prisoners were women (statistics show that prisoners were sexually or physically abused before

Choose One Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Choose One - Research Paper Example This research is analyzed based on the Sekarana and Bougie framework for research method. The paper is aimed at making a comparative statement and finding out how well the authors have or have not fulfilled each one of the steps mentioned within the steps presented in the figure below. The research also analyses how well each step of the research is connected to the next step of research. The research paper within this study is a business research. By business research, it means that the data gathered and the objective of the research is directed towards addressing and answering causes for a business issue (Rojas, n.d.). The research paper identifies customer dissatisfaction in relation to loyalty programs carried out in almost all industries today. This is relevant for the use of marketing managers who are engaged in customer relationship management services. Loyalty programs are a recent development in the field of customer retention attempts and management of customer relationship. Hence, managers within the industry are increasingly providing rewards for customer loyalty in the form of specialized services and rebates with a view to maintain such loyalty of the consumer and maintain long term business relationships. It has been studied that certain attempt of customer retention initiatives can have serious negative effects and such loyalty programs can be perceived to be discretionary and creating value driven differentiation among customers (Charmaz & McMullen, 2011). There are frequent complains in discussion forums over the web about the ill effects and poor management of such loyalty programs. Such dissatisfaction reduced customer loyalty and thereby economic loss. In this view, the frustration criteria of customer with their experiences in customer loyalty programs was selected based on the idea that dissatisfaction experience by customers might appear reasonable but the study

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Reaction paper - Essay Example Therefore, the Holocaust evokes the greatest amount of sympathy for the Jewish race because of the intense horror and torture that was inflicted upon them. (Atkins, 2009, P.p 176-180) Having been a Holocaust Affirmationist, the evidence that were brought forth by David Cole opened up a new side to the controversy. In concurrence with Dr. Piper’s statement, there is in fact a high possibility that the Soviet Union may have fabricated the story about the alleged ‘Gassings’ that took place at Auschwitz, considering the political advantage. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that the atrocities during the war never took place at all. (Atkins, 2009, P.p 176-180) As it is stated earlier, the accuracy of the history and symbology of the event is vastly accepted without question. However, there is room for skepticism and this is based on and triggered by the fact that the claims made by researchers and historians are not substantiated by sufficient amount of evidence. And Dr. Franciszek’s interview actually raised some very shocking pieces of evidence regarding the Holocaust and David Cole’s role was further magnified due to the fact that he was Jewish and brought forth very important pieces of knowledge in public view. In my opinion considering all factors there were millions of people, who lost their life during the World War II and it consisted a large number of Jews. However, the killings cannot be deemed as systematic as ‘Gassings’ and the magnitude of the Holocaust is vastly overestimated. Therefore, there has to be greater amount of research into the subject to substantiate the

How to Treat Depression Without Medication Essay Example for Free

How to Treat Depression Without Medication Essay While it takes more than a simple â€Å"lifestyle change† to effectively attack a medical issue such as depression, it is not more medication that this Country needs more of, but rather a greater awareness, better mental health education and greater access to therapy for those suffering from this condition. Depression is as much an organic, physiological issue as a broken bone or heart problem but because it cannot be seen it is often ignored, dismissed, mistreated or over-medicated by the vast majority of healthcare providers. Todays HMO driven, medication dependent society tends to throw pharmaceutical band-aids at the problem of depression. A more holistic, therapeutic approach, ideally involving the family/support system of the patient would, in the long run, be both a more effect and lasting treatment for the patient and more cost effective as well. While depression can, in fact, be helped by the use of proper medications, any long-term treatment must include counseling/therapy and significant and lasting lifestyle changes. Depression is, in fact, the catalyst that has lead me to pursue my current academic and professional dream to become a Psychologist. It is also something that I have a great deal of personal experience with, both as a parent of a clinically depressed teenager and as a woman living with a depressive disorder myself. In my own personal experience, the majority of doctors tend to â€Å"throw medication† at the issue of depression, when in fact, for many patients, therapeutic counseling and psychotherapy is often all that is needed. This tendency to medicate first and counsel second, especially in teens, can be irreparably damaging. Psychological medications, by their very nature, effect brain chemistry and can have huge negative side effects: suicidal tendencies, physical aggression, dramatic weight gain (which can have psychological and other medical side effects of its own), to name a few. These side effects can often times be even more emotionally damaging and dangerous to the patient than the depression itself. In 1998, after years of struggling, I was diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. My own personal struggle with depression has also involved quite a few medications, with varying successes and varying degrees of side-effects. While searching for an effective treatment for me, my doctors prescribed any number of SSRIs, Beta Blockers and other commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of depressive disorders. I fought with sexual side effects, weight gain, crippling panic attacks, suicidal thoughts and more. In the end, I chose to wean myself from the medication and focus on therapy and the necessary lifestyle changes that go along with it. It is still a daily struggle and a choice to be happy and fight the â€Å"demons† that haunt me, but with the help of God, my family and my therapist, I am happier and more â€Å"well-adjusted† than ever before in my life. In a developing brain, like that of a depressed adolescent, these potentially hazardous side effects can be even more detrimental. In 2006, My then 14 year old daughter, when faced with depression due to her parents’ divorce and adjustment to life as an â€Å"Army Brat,â€Å" was put on Prozac by her Family Practice Physician. Within 30 days she had to be hospitalized and detoxified after suffering a psychotic episode at school and weeks of suicidal and homicidal thoughts. After a year of numerous diagnoses, multitudes of different psychological medications and weight gain of almost 80 pounds, she was no more emotionally stable than she was when she had begun the treatment. With the assistance of a new Psychiatrist and Primary Care Physician, we weaned her off all of the psychological medications and instead enrolled her in bi-weekly, one-on-one counseling with a Psychologist. It took her almost 3 years to undo the damage the experience with the hospital and medication trials had inflicted on her. She is finally doing well, is stable and uses counseling, meditation, breathing techniques and a number of other therapeutic tools to deal with the stresses of life, rather than continuing to be medication-dependent and suffering the side effects of those medications.

How does Intelligence help the Joint Force Commander Essay -- Militar

Intelligence is a critical component of joint planning and execution. Through the prism of Phase 0 (zero) Shaping, intelligence relates the realities of the operational environment before hostilities including an assessment of current economic, political, and cultural dynamics. Yet, throughout the subsequent phases of operational planning, analysts can also develop concise estimates on friendly and enemy centers of gravity (COG), thereby introducing not only the triggers of adversarial activity but at what point friendly forces can maneuver with maximum decisiveness. All the while, intelligence professionals systematically prepare real-time and near real-time intelligence to maintain the informational edge during execution. Intelligence enables the Joint Force Commander to visualize the operational environment, evaluate operational effects, and sustain information superiority throughout the duration of joint operations, thereby offering increased integration, synchronization and direction of involved joint elements. Understanding the complex operational environment of today and tomorrow is elemental when integrating diverse forces to achieve a favorable outcome. Intelligence professionals have a wide array of systems to draw from when preparing intelligence to facilitate a broad understanding. This array includes combat support agencies as well as national intelligence agencies which work in an ever increasingly collaborative environment. This aids the intelligence professional as they collect raw information as well as already produced actionable intelligence gained throughout all levels of war and throughout the full scope of military operations. This effort is critical in establishing priorities of effort which will ... ...s to collect information, evaluate problems, and reach the most plausible solutions. However, the varying requirements of operational and tactical warfare merit differing approaches to planning and execution. The design of the JOPP process is for campaign contingencies which fall into the scope of operational level, while the MDMP process is best suited for the tactical level. Moreover, JOPP takes into account that a joint commander may not be as thoroughly knowledgeable of all assigned forces as the tactical commander would be. Wisely, JOPP asks the joint staff and commander to evaluate friendly, as well as enemy, COGs so to evaluate capabilities of either force. The tactical commander, not wanting to take anything for granted, would already know the true combat potential of the force, as speed and decisiveness are certainly critical in the tactical realm.

Information Technology Coursework Essay

Input – The Keyboard The keyboard is essentially based on the standard QWERTY keyboard used by typists. The main differences are the additions made by computer manufacturers. The first thing to notice is that the keyboard has three main sections. The first section is the main QWERTY keyboard, which has three extra keys. The most important of these extra keys is usually marked â€Å"ENTER† or â€Å"RETURN†. The enter key is on the right side of the keyboard and is used to tell the computer that you have finished typing and wish either to move to a fresh empty line or that you want the computer to carry out the typed instruction. The other two additional keys are the â€Å"ALT† and the â€Å"CONTROL† keys (â€Å"CTRL†). These act in the same way as the shift key on the typewriter and so allow normal keys to have a number of different effects. The second part of the keyboard is the FUNCTION keys. There are always at least ten and sometimes twelve of these labelled F1 to F10 or F12, which are grouped together on the left of the keyboard or along the top of it. They are used by programs like word processors or spreadsheets to give instructions to the computer. They do not normally produce an effect on the screen but can do in some programs. The third part of the keyboard is the numeric key pad. This is situated on the right of the keyboard and serves two functions. Firstly, to move the cursor and secondly to type numbers into the computer. The keys on the keypad usually contain the numbers 0 to 9, the decimal point and the mathematical symbols. The key marked â€Å"NUMLOCK† is used to tell the computer if the pad is used to enter numbers (NUMLOCK ON) or to move the cursor (NUMLOCK OFF). Input – The Mouse A mouse is a device, which can provide an alternative to the keyboard. The mouse itself has a small ball in its base which, when pulled across a smooth surface, moves a special â€Å"cursor† across the screen. This cursor can be used to draw or point and is especially effective in providing an easy to use interface for those who have difficulty with keyboards etc. Processing – The Central Processing Unit Inside the microcomputer is a tiny silicon chip called the Central Processing Unit or CPU: this can be regarded as the â€Å"brain† of the entire system. With the help of the computer’s internal memory it executes the instructions in a program by performing simple logical operations at very high speeds – typically an instruction will be performed in millionths of a second. The chip containing the Central Processing Unit or CPU is the place where the computer does its â€Å"thinking†. The CPU processes information by fetching a program instruction stored in the computer’s memory, executing the instruction and proceeding to the next step in the program. The CPU contains (1) a program counter that tells the CPU where it is in the program. (2) an instruction register that stores the current program instruction. (3) a control unit that decodes the contents of the instruction register. (4) data registers that store the small units of information the CPU is currently processing. (5) a memory address register that holds the address or memory location of the information in its data registers. (6) an Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) that actually performs each small step in the program, and (7) a status or flags register that reports on the work of the ALU. The size or power of a CPU is determined by the length of its registers: 8-bit processors wor k on information in 8-bit groups; 16-bit processors have registers that hold 16 bits and are twice as fast. 32-bit processors provide even more computing speed, and so on. Internal Memory – RAM and ROM Because the central processing unit only works on small pieces of information at a time, the computer needs a way to store information while it is not being processed. Two kinds of silicon chips serve as the computer’s internal memory. Random Access Memory or RAM chips store information temporarily, and the computer can write, read, and erase information on them. RAM chips are erased every time the computer is turned off, so Read Only Memory or ROM chips act as the computer’s permanent memory: they store the instructions the CPU needs when you first turn it on. External Memory – Disks and Disk Drives External memory devices like floppy disks, hard disks, and CD-ROMs store programs and data when the computer is turned off. When a disk is inserted into a disk drive, the computer can read information from it or write new information onto it. Only certain types of CD-ROM can have information written onto them. Output: The Printer Printers receive electrical codes from the computer and then print the corresponding letter or number on paper. The result is called hard copy. Plotters and some printers can even reproduce computer graphics on paper. Types of Printer Ink Jet Printers Ink jet printers work as their name suggests, by squirting jets of ink onto the paper through tiny nozzles. Ink-jets provide good quality output (on average 600 dots per inch) at reasonable speed and at relatively low cost. Laser Printers A laser printer is essentially a photocopier attached to the computer as an output device. Laser printers are capable of high quality output (around 720 dots per inch), at high speed. They can be bought from as little as around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100. Output – Monitors (Visual Display Units) Monitors (V.D.U.s) are the most frequently used output device. The display is transmitted from the computer to the surface of a cathode ray tube, which is rather like a television screen. Slim, flat screen monitors are also available. The display consists of very small phosphorescent dots combined in different patterns to form words, numbers, and pictures. Monitors vary in their resolution (clarity), more dots on the screen means a higher resolution but obviously costs more. The range of resolutions are CGA, EGA and the highest resolution VGA. Software – Computer Programs A program is simply a set of instructions, which the programmer wishes the computer to obey. The computer blindly obeys any instruction which it is given – it possess no abilities to determine whether an instruction (so long as it is framed correctly) is the correct instruction for any given situation. Programs tell the computer how to turn the input you provide into the output you want. A program is therefore a detailed set of instructions for performing a particular task. Because you cannot actually touch programs they have become known as â€Å"software†; this contrasts with the hardware of a computer system – monitors, chips, printers etc. – which you can touch! Software takes many forms – the computer system itself is co-ordinated by a special resident program called an operating system (you can read more about this program below), programs to carry out specific tasks for the user are termed â€Å"application programs†. Stock control, word processing, payroll and accounting functions are typical areas, which are serviced by application programs. Input/output Media – Mass Storage Floppy Disks A floppy disk is 3 1/2 inches square. Inside its protective case or sleeve, each floppy disc is a circle of flexible plastic whose surface is covered with magnetic oxide. When you use a disc for the first time, you must use a special program called an operating system to format the disk’s surface by creating circular tracks divided into pie-shaped sectors. A hole punched near the hub of the disk lets the computer know where the first sector is. A track on each disk stores a directory that tells the computer where to find what information. This means that it can go directly to the correct part of the disk instead of wading through all of its contents to find the information it wants. A typical floppy disk can store around 200 pages of typewritten text, depending on how tightly the information is packed. If pictures are stored on disk, they take up a lot of room. Care of Floppy Disks Information is stored on floppy disk by means of magnetism. The information stored on a disk can be lost if the magnetic surface of the disk is damaged. When handling a disk you must be careful not to bend it or touch the exposed portions. Moisture, extreme temperatures, and exposure to magnetic fields or equipment can also ruin disks. You should keep back-up copies of all important disks to insure that your data will not be lost if a disk is damaged. You can guard against the possibility of accidentally writing over and erasing important data and programs by moving the small write-protect notch on the side of the disk. When this notch is closed, a sensor inside the drive prevents the head from writing onto the disk. Hard Disks All modern PCs have hard disks, which can store vast amounts of information – this varies depending upon their size. Although they operate on the same basic principles as floppies, hard disks spin many times more quickly allowing the read/write head to pass only fractions of an inch over the disk’s surface. Hard disks are hermetically sealed in special chambers to prevent dust particles from ruining the disk’s surface. Disk Drives: Read/Write Heads To use a disk, you place it into a disk drive so that the circular hole in the centre of the disk fits into a cone in the drive. This cone spins the disk allowing all of its sectors to come under a window cut into the sleeve. As the disk spins around, a read / write head moves back and forth over the exposed portion of the disk. The head works like the head on a tape recorder. It reads information on the disk by translating its magnetic fields into electrical signals that are sent to the computer; information is written onto the disk when the head converts the electrical signals from the computer into magnetic fields on the disk’s surface. Operating Systems A computer is really a system of interconnected parts: a keyboard or input device; internal memory (RAM and ROM); a processor; disks and disk drives; output devices like a monitor and a printer; and, of course, software. A special kind of program called an operating system controls the flow of information between these different components. One of its most important jobs is to enable your hardware to understand the instructions of your software. When you buy a computer, you must be sure that its design or architecture is compatible with the operating system for which the software you want is written. The operating system manages the files on your disks and offers utilities such as formatting blank disks, listing the directory of files on a disk, as well as copying, renaming, and deleting files. Sometimes operating systems are permanently installed, but if the operating system is pre-packaged on a disk, its contents must either be loaded separately into the computer or written onto ev ery disk used, during the formatting process. Windows 95 and Windows 98 are the most common operating systems used today. Modems and Networks With the help of a modem, your computer can link up and communicate with other computers all over the world. The modem translates the computer’s language of ons and offs into tones of different frequencies, which are then transmitted across telephone lines. At the receiving end the process is reversed: a modem converts tone variations back into the computer’s digital code. Computer networks are systems of computers linked together in this way: they are used to send and receive electronic mail, and to allow small personal computers access to the vast data libraries of larger computers, via the Internet. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Application Packages These are programs that actually perform the tasks that the user wishes to be done. The tasks are usually so complicated that several programs are required and these are collectively called a ‘suite’ of programs. Typical examples of applications are Stock Control, Databases, Order Processing, Word Processing, Airline Booking Systems, Spreadsheets, Viewdata Systems and Point of Sale Systems. Each package will now be discussed in turn, to give a general explanation of what they are, when they are used and for what purpose. Stock Control A stock control system keeps track of all the stock currently held by the company. The computer is informed through the till when each item is sold. It is then an easy matter to deduct the number sold from the current stock level to give a new stock level. If this level is below a re-order level which again is held by the computer, then the computer can automatically print a re-order letter to the supplier. The number of each item to be supplied is stored and when the supplier delivers, the number of items delivered is added to the amount in stock. Therefore the company, in theory, should never, through its own efforts, run out of any item of stock and should at all times know how much stock it has, in the warehouse, in storage at a retail outlet and on the shelves. Losses through theft are easily calculated through a manual shelf count, and corrective action to reduce losses can be implemented quickly. Database A database is a store of information made up of records. A record contains information relating to one person or one company and is made up of individual pieces of information called fields. For example, you may create your records having the following fields: company name, address, telephone number, credit limit, amount owed, payment due etc. When all the information has been entered the database may then be used by searching for particular information, called cross-referencing (e.g. to find out at the end of the month who the company owes money to and how much, in order to settle their accounts). New information can be fed in and the database is changed (updated) to include the new data, so that it is always up to date. Large databases are best used with static information (remains the same), with new records being added to the end. An example of this type is a Library with records on all the books in stock. The computer operated by the DVLA in Swansea (Driving Vehicle Licensing Authority) might be an example of a large database. Information relating to every motor vehicle in the U.K. is stored on computer and can be sorted or searched to find out, for example, who owns a particular car. Word Processing In word processing a computer behaves like a much enhanced form of typewriter. Facilities are provided for entering, manipulating, storing and retrieving blocks of text. This means that standard letters and lists of names and addresses can be generated separately and then letters to everyone on the list can be printed without retyping the document. The processor retrieves the letter and the first name and address, prints the letter, retrieves the next name and address, changes the information in the letter, prints the next letter and so on. Real-Time Systems An example of a real-time system is Airline Booking. This is a system which updates the data immediately it changes. All the terminals in all the booking offices are connected via a telephone line to a large computer in the head office of the company. This is so that information can be accessed immediately and be changed on confirmation of a booking immediately. For example, if you wanted to book a flight, you would feed details into the terminal about the flight, and back would come a message saying perhaps that only two seats remain on that flight. If you then take these seats by sending that information back, confirmation would take place and then no-one anywhere in the world would be able to book a seat on that particular flight (even if they tried to book only ten seconds after you). Spreadsheet A spreadsheet is a special application package, which allows the user to set up tables of information and add up rows and columns which make up the table. They are used mainly for displaying cash forecasts of companies, in the form of a table where all the figures are interconnected. Each intersection of a row and a column is called a ‘cell’. The cells are filled with figures and then changes can be made and the spreadsheet calculates all the related cells, alters and reprints them. Figures can be changed and the overall effect on the complete table can be seen immediately.

The Problems of Individuallity and Conformity Within a...

America is a country where people come to be free from persecution and express their thoughts and opinions. This founding principle led American society to pull away from conformity and pushes for individuality. Many family TV shows and several media outlets propagate individuality as a source of pride and evidence of personal growth. In the American society, children are taught at a young age that individuality creates personality. However, as an individual grows, they are forced to choice sides on issues, thus placing them in a position where they must choose to either conform or rebel within their given society. While conformity in the American society plays a structural role by promoting individuality and stimulating growth, and is†¦show more content†¦In a society, structure is needed to accomplish everyday tasks by workers. Conformity is also needed to follow community laws. Laws are created to establish structure and order in a society as too much individuality may le ads to anarchy. In the film The Crucible, the townspeople believed that banning dancing will lead to the safety and wellbeing of the women. They created this law or social code of conduct to help keep the young women pure and humble in their town. While this law is limiting the freedom of women, based on the town’s religious beliefs, it is a law fitting for their society. Their society consisted of a group of close knitted people who seemed to have similar thoughts and actions that allowed them to reach a conclusion that would benefit their society. On the other hand, too much conformity within a society leads to citizens blindly following other people’s opinions, losing self-thought, and conforming to unjust laws and traditions. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Sherburn say, â€Å"the pitifulest thing out is a mob; thats what an army is—a mob; they dont fight with courage thats born in them, but with courage thats borrowed from their masses, and their officers† (Twain 142). This remarkable statement illuminates the destructive nature of conformity and blind faith. The wicked thoughts and biased judgments of the minority are used as a blinding cloak amongst the herd, leading to malicious